Density contour plots (2D KDE plots) display the joint distribution of two numeric variables using contour lines connecting regions of equal density. They solve the overplotting problem of scatter plots for large datasets by replacing individual points with a smooth surface, revealing cluster locations and the overall distribution shape.

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{
  "title": {
    "text": "Height vs. Weight — Density Contours"
  },
  "data": [
    {
      "height": 165,
      "weight": 62
    },
    {
      "height": 172,
      "weight": 74
    },
    {
      "height": 168,
      "weight": 68
    },
    {
      "height": 175,
      "weight": 80
    },
    {
      "height": 160,
      "weight": 57
    },
    {
      "height": 180,
      "weight": 85
    },
    {
      "height": 170,
      "weight": 71
    },
    {
      "height": 163,
      "weight": 60
    },
    {
      "height": 178,
      "weight": 83
    },
    {
      "height": 167,
      "weight": 65
    },
    {
      "height": 173,
      "weight": 76
    },
    {
      "height": 169,
      "weight": 70
    },
    {
      "height": 162,
      "weight": 59
    },
    {
      "height": 176,
      "weight": 81
    },
    {
      "height": 171,
      "weight": 73
    },
    {
      "height": 166,
      "weight": 63
    },
    {
      "height": 174,
      "weight": 78
    },
    {
      "height": 161,
      "weight": 56
    },
    {
      "height": 177,
      "weight": 82
    },
    {
      "height": 164,
      "weight": 61
    },
    {
      "height": 170,
      "weight": 72
    },
    {
      "height": 168,
      "weight": 67
    },
    {
      "height": 175,
      "weight": 79
    },
    {
      "height": 172,
      "weight": 75
    },
    {
      "height": 169,
      "weight": 69
    },
    {
      "height": 181,
      "weight": 88
    },
    {
      "height": 163,
      "weight": 58
    },
    {
      "height": 176,
      "weight": 82
    },
    {
      "height": 167,
      "weight": 66
    },
    {
      "height": 173,
      "weight": 77
    }
  ],
  "series": [
    {
      "type": "densitycontour",
      "xKey": "height",
      "yKey": "weight",
      "stroke": "#6366f1",
      "strokeWidth": 1.5,
      "filled": false
    }
  ],
  "axes": [
    {
      "position": "bottom",
      "title": {
        "text": "Height (cm)"
      }
    },
    {
      "position": "left",
      "title": {
        "text": "Weight (kg)"
      }
    }
  ]
}

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Contour lines drawn over a scatter of height vs. weight measurements reveal the densest regions of the data.

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